from __future__ import annotations

import html
import os
import re
from datetime import timedelta, datetime, timezone
from random import randint
from typing import Union, Tuple, List

import arrow
import httpx
import redis
from flask import current_app, request, g, url_for, json
from flask_babel import _
from sqlalchemy import text, func, desc
from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError

from app import db, cache, constants, celery
from app.models import User, Post, Community, BannedInstances, File, PostReply, AllowedInstances, Instance, utcnow, \
    PostVote, PostReplyVote, ActivityPubLog, Notification, Site, CommunityMember, InstanceRole, Report, Conversation, \
    Language, Tag, Poll, PollChoice, UserFollower, CommunityBan, CommunityJoinRequest, NotificationSubscription, \
    Licence, UserExtraField
from app.activitypub.signature import signed_get_request, post_request
import time
from app.constants import *
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
from PIL import Image, ImageOps
from io import BytesIO
import pytesseract

from app.utils import get_request, allowlist_html, get_setting, ap_datetime, markdown_to_html, \
    is_image_url, domain_from_url, gibberish, ensure_directory_exists, head_request, \
    shorten_string, remove_tracking_from_link, \
    microblog_content_to_title, is_video_url, \
    notification_subscribers, communities_banned_from, actor_contains_blocked_words, \
    html_to_text, add_to_modlog_activitypub, joined_communities, \
    moderating_communities, get_task_session, is_video_hosting_site, opengraph_parse, instance_banned, \
    mastodon_extra_field_link, blocked_users

from sqlalchemy import or_


def public_key():
    if not os.path.exists('./public.pem'):
        os.system('openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048')
        os.system('openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem')
    else:
        publicKey = open('./public.pem', 'r').read()
        PUBLICKEY = publicKey.replace('\n', '\\n')  # JSON-LD doesn't want to work with linebreaks,
        # but needs the \n character to know where to break the line ;)
        return PUBLICKEY


def community_members(community_id):
    sql = 'SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM "user" as u '
    sql += 'INNER JOIN community_member cm on u.id = cm.user_id '
    sql += 'WHERE u.banned is false AND u.deleted is false AND cm.is_banned is false and cm.community_id = :community_id'
    return db.session.execute(text(sql), {'community_id': community_id}).scalar()


def users_total():
    return db.session.execute(text(
        'SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM "user" WHERE ap_id is null AND verified is true AND banned is false AND deleted is false')).scalar()


def active_half_year():
    return db.session.execute(text(
        "SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM \"user\" WHERE last_seen >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '6 months' AND ap_id is null AND verified is true AND banned is false AND deleted is false")).scalar()


def active_month():
    return db.session.execute(text(
        "SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM \"user\" WHERE last_seen >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 month' AND ap_id is null AND verified is true AND banned is false AND deleted is false")).scalar()


def active_week():
    return db.session.execute(text(
        "SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM \"user\" WHERE last_seen >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 week' AND ap_id is null AND verified is true AND banned is false AND deleted is false")).scalar()


def active_day():
    return db.session.execute(text(
        "SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM \"user\" WHERE last_seen >= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '1 day' AND ap_id is null AND verified is true AND banned is false AND deleted is false")).scalar()


def local_posts():
    return db.session.execute(text('SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM "post" WHERE instance_id = 1 AND deleted is false')).scalar()


def local_comments():
    return db.session.execute(text('SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM "post_reply" WHERE instance_id = 1 and deleted is false')).scalar()


def local_communities():
    return db.session.execute(text('SELECT COUNT(id) as c FROM "community" WHERE instance_id = 1')).scalar()


def post_to_activity(post: Post, community: Community):
    # local PieFed posts do not have a create or announce id
    create_id = post.ap_create_id if post.ap_create_id else f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/activities/create/{gibberish(15)}"
    announce_id = post.ap_announce_id if post.ap_announce_id else f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/activities/announce/{gibberish(15)}"
    activity_data = {
        "actor": community.public_url(),
        "to": [
            "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public"
        ],
        "object": {
            "id": create_id,
            "actor": post.author.public_url(),
            "to": [
                "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public"
            ],
            "object": post_to_page(post),
            "cc": [
                community.public_url()
            ],
            "type": "Create",
            "audience": community.public_url()
        },
        "cc": [
            f"{community.public_url()}/followers"
        ],
        "type": "Announce",
        "id": announce_id
    }

    return activity_data


def post_to_page(post: Post):
    activity_data = {
        "type": "Page",
        "id": post.ap_id,
        "attributedTo": post.author.ap_public_url,
        "to": [
            post.community.public_url(),
            "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public"
        ],
        "name": post.title,
        "cc": [],
        "content": post.body_html if post.body_html else '',
        "mediaType": "text/html",
        "source": {"content": post.body if post.body else '', "mediaType": "text/markdown"},
        "attachment": [],
        "commentsEnabled": post.comments_enabled,
        "sensitive": post.nsfw or post.nsfl,
        "published": ap_datetime(post.created_at),
        "stickied": post.sticky,
        "audience": post.community.public_url(),
        "tag": post.tags_for_activitypub(),
        "replies": post_replies_for_ap(post.id),
        "language": {
            "identifier": post.language_code(),
            "name": post.language_name()
        },
    }
    if post.edited_at is not None:
        activity_data["updated"] = ap_datetime(post.edited_at)
    if (post.type == POST_TYPE_LINK or post.type == POST_TYPE_VIDEO) and post.url is not None:
        activity_data["attachment"] = [{"href": post.url, "type": "Link"}]
    if post.image_id is not None:
        activity_data["image"] = {"url": post.image.view_url(), "type": "Image"}
        if post.type == POST_TYPE_IMAGE:
            activity_data['attachment'] = [{'type': 'Image',
                                   'url': post.image.source_url,
                                   'name': post.image.alt_text}]
    if post.type == POST_TYPE_POLL:
        poll = Poll.query.filter_by(post_id=post.id).first()
        activity_data['type'] = 'Question'
        mode = 'oneOf' if poll.mode == 'single' else 'anyOf'
        choices = []
        for choice in PollChoice.query.filter_by(post_id=post.id).order_by(PollChoice.sort_order).all():
            choices.append({
                "type": "Note",
                "name": choice.choice_text,
                "replies": {
                    "type": "Collection",
                    "totalItems": choice.num_votes
                }
            })
        activity_data[mode] = choices
        activity_data['endTime'] = ap_datetime(poll.end_poll)
        activity_data['votersCount'] = poll.total_votes()
    if post.indexable:
        activity_data['searchableBy'] = 'https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public'
    return activity_data


def post_replies_for_ap(post_id: int) -> List[dict]:
    replies = PostReply.query.\
        filter_by(post_id=post_id, deleted=False).\
        order_by(desc(PostReply.posted_at)).\
        limit(2000)
    return [comment_model_to_json(reply) for reply in replies]


def comment_model_to_json(reply: PostReply) -> dict:
    reply_data = {
        "@context": [
            "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams",
            "https://w3id.org/security/v1",
        ],
        "type": "Note",
        "id": reply.ap_id,
        "attributedTo": reply.author.public_url(),
        "inReplyTo": reply.in_reply_to(),
        "to": [
            "https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public",
            reply.to()
        ],
        "cc": [
            reply.community.public_url(),
            reply.author.followers_url()
        ],
        'content': reply.body_html,
        'mediaType': 'text/html',
        'source': {'content': reply.body, 'mediaType': 'text/markdown'},
        'published': ap_datetime(reply.created_at),
        'distinguished': False,
        'audience': reply.community.public_url(),
        'language': {
            'identifier': reply.language_code(),
            'name': reply.language_name()
        }
    }
    if reply.edited_at:
        reply_data['updated'] = ap_datetime(reply.edited_at)
    if reply.deleted:
        if reply.deleted_by == reply.user_id:
            reply_data['content'] = '<p>Deleted by author</p>'
            reply_data['source']['content'] = 'Deleted by author'
        else:
            reply_data['content'] = '<p>Deleted by moderator</p>'
            reply_data['source']['content'] = 'Deleted by moderator'
    return reply_data


def banned_user_agents():
    return []  # todo: finish this function


@cache.memoize(150)
def instance_allowed(host: str) -> bool:
    if host is None or host == '':
        return True
    host = host.lower()
    if 'https://' in host or 'http://' in host:
        host = urlparse(host).hostname
    instance = AllowedInstances.query.filter_by(domain=host.strip()).first()
    return instance is not None


def find_actor_or_create(actor: str, create_if_not_found=True, community_only=False) -> Union[User, Community, None]:
    if isinstance(actor, dict):     # Discourse does this
        actor = actor['id']
    actor_url = actor.strip()
    actor = actor.strip().lower()
    user = None
    server = ''
    # actor parameter must be formatted as https://server/u/actor or https://server/c/actor

    # Initially, check if the user exists in the local DB already
    if current_app.config['SERVER_NAME'] + '/c/' in actor:
        return Community.query.filter(Community.ap_profile_id == actor).first()  # finds communities formatted like https://localhost/c/*

    if current_app.config['SERVER_NAME'] + '/u/' in actor:
        alt_user_name = actor_url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1]
        user = User.query.filter(or_(User.ap_profile_id == actor, User.alt_user_name == alt_user_name)).filter_by(ap_id=None, banned=False).first()  # finds local users
        if user is None:
            return None
    elif actor.startswith('https://'):
        server, address = extract_domain_and_actor(actor)
        if get_setting('use_allowlist', False):
            if not instance_allowed(server):
                return None
        else:
            if instance_banned(server):
                return None
        if actor_contains_blocked_words(actor):
            return None
        user = User.query.filter(User.ap_profile_id == actor).first()  # finds users formatted like https://kbin.social/u/tables
        if (user and user.banned) or (user and user.deleted) :
            return None
        if user is None:
            user = Community.query.filter(Community.ap_profile_id == actor).first()
            if user and user.banned:
                # Try to find a non-banned copy of the community. Sometimes duplicates happen and one copy is banned.
                user = Community.query.filter(Community.ap_profile_id == actor).filter(Community.banned == False).first()
                if user is None:    # no un-banned version of this community exists, only the banned one. So it was banned for being bad, not for being a duplicate.
                    return None

    if user is not None:
        if not user.is_local() and (user.ap_fetched_at is None or user.ap_fetched_at < utcnow() - timedelta(days=7)):
            # To reduce load on remote servers, refreshing the user profile happens after a delay of 1 to 10 seconds. Meanwhile, subsequent calls to
            # find_actor_or_create() which happen to be for the same actor might queue up refreshes of the same user. To avoid this, set a flag to
            # indicate that user is currently being refreshed.
            refresh_in_progress = cache.get(f'refreshing_{user.id}')
            if not refresh_in_progress:
                cache.set(f'refreshing_{user.id}', True, timeout=300)
                if isinstance(user, User):
                    refresh_user_profile(user.id)
                elif isinstance(user, Community):
                    refresh_community_profile(user.id)
                    # refresh_instance_profile(user.instance_id) # disable in favour of cron job - see app.cli.daily_maintenance()
        if community_only and not isinstance(user, Community):
            return None
        return user
    else:   # User does not exist in the DB, it's going to need to be created from it's remote home instance
        if create_if_not_found:
            if actor.startswith('https://'):
                try:
                    actor_data = get_request(actor_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
                except httpx.HTTPError:
                    time.sleep(randint(3, 10))
                    try:
                        actor_data = get_request(actor_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
                    except httpx.HTTPError as e:
                        raise e
                        return None
                if actor_data.status_code == 200:
                    try:
                        actor_json = actor_data.json()
                    except Exception as e:
                        actor_data.close()
                        return None
                    actor_data.close()
                    actor_model = actor_json_to_model(actor_json, address, server)
                    if community_only and not isinstance(actor_model, Community):
                        return None
                    return actor_model
                elif actor_data.status_code == 401:
                    try:
                        site = Site.query.get(1)
                        actor_data = signed_get_request(actor_url, site.private_key,
                                        f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
                        if actor_data.status_code == 200:
                            try:
                                actor_json = actor_data.json()
                            except Exception as e:
                                actor_data.close()
                                return None
                            actor_data.close()
                            actor_model = actor_json_to_model(actor_json, address, server)
                            if community_only and not isinstance(actor_model, Community):
                                return None
                            return actor_model
                    except Exception:
                        return None
            else:
                # retrieve user details via webfinger, etc
                try:
                    webfinger_data = get_request(f"https://{server}/.well-known/webfinger",
                                                 params={'resource': f"acct:{address}@{server}"})
                except httpx.HTTPError:
                    time.sleep(randint(3, 10))
                    webfinger_data = get_request(f"https://{server}/.well-known/webfinger",
                                                 params={'resource': f"acct:{address}@{server}"})
                if webfinger_data.status_code == 200:
                    webfinger_json = webfinger_data.json()
                    webfinger_data.close()
                    for links in webfinger_json['links']:
                        if 'rel' in links and links['rel'] == 'self':  # this contains the URL of the activitypub profile
                            type = links['type'] if 'type' in links else 'application/activity+json'
                            # retrieve the activitypub profile
                            try:
                                actor_data = get_request(links['href'], headers={'Accept': type})
                            except httpx.HTTPError:
                                time.sleep(randint(3, 10))
                                actor_data = get_request(links['href'], headers={'Accept': type})
                            # to see the structure of the json contained in actor_data, do a GET to https://lemmy.world/c/technology with header Accept: application/activity+json
                            if actor_data.status_code == 200:
                                actor_json = actor_data.json()
                                actor_data.close()
                                actor_model = actor_json_to_model(actor_json, address, server)
                                if community_only and not isinstance(actor_model, Community):
                                    return None
                                return actor_model
    return None


def find_language(code: str) -> Language | None:
    existing_language = Language.query.filter(Language.code == code).first()
    if existing_language:
        return existing_language
    else:
        return None


def find_language_or_create(code: str, name: str, session=None) -> Language:
    if session:
        existing_language: Language = session.query(Language).filter(Language.code == code).first()
    else:
        existing_language = Language.query.filter(Language.code == code).first()
    if existing_language:
        return existing_language
    else:
        new_language = Language(code=code, name=name)
        if session:
            session.add(new_language)
        else:
            db.session.add(new_language)
        return new_language


def find_licence_or_create(name: str) -> Licence:
    existing_licence = Licence.query.filter(Licence.name == name.strip()).first()
    if existing_licence:
        return existing_licence
    else:
        new_licence = Licence(name=name.strip())
        db.session.add(new_licence)
        return new_licence


def find_hashtag_or_create(hashtag: str) -> Tag:
    if hashtag is None or hashtag == '':
        return None

    hashtag = hashtag.strip()
    if hashtag[0] == '#':
        hashtag = hashtag[1:]

    existing_tag = Tag.query.filter(Tag.name == hashtag.lower()).first()
    if existing_tag:
        return existing_tag
    else:
        new_tag = Tag(name=hashtag.lower(), display_as=hashtag, post_count=1)
        db.session.add(new_tag)
        return new_tag


def extract_domain_and_actor(url_string: str):
    # Parse the URL
    parsed_url = urlparse(url_string)

    # Extract the server domain name
    server_domain = parsed_url.netloc

    # Extract the part of the string after the last '/' character
    actor = parsed_url.path.split('/')[-1]

    return server_domain, actor


def user_removed_from_remote_server(actor_url, is_piefed=False):
    result = False
    response = None
    try:
        if is_piefed:
            response = head_request(actor_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        else:
            response = get_request(actor_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        if response.status_code == 404 or response.status_code == 410:
            result = True
        else:
            result = False
    except:
        result = True
    finally:
        if response:
            response.close()
    return result


def refresh_user_profile(user_id):
    if current_app.debug:
        refresh_user_profile_task(user_id)
    else:
        refresh_user_profile_task.apply_async(args=(user_id,), countdown=randint(1, 10))


@celery.task
def refresh_user_profile_task(user_id):
    session = get_task_session()
    user: User = session.query(User).get(user_id)
    if user and user.instance_id and user.instance.online():
        try:
            actor_data = get_request(user.ap_public_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            time.sleep(randint(3, 10))
            try:
                actor_data = get_request(user.ap_public_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
            except httpx.HTTPError:
                return
        except:
            try:
                site = session.query(Site).get(1)
                actor_data = signed_get_request(user.ap_public_url, site.private_key,
                                f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
            except:
                return
        if actor_data.status_code == 200:
            activity_json = actor_data.json()
            actor_data.close()

            # update indexible state on their posts, if necessary
            new_indexable = activity_json['indexable'] if 'indexable' in activity_json else True
            if new_indexable != user.indexable:
                session.execute(text('UPDATE "post" set indexable = :indexable WHERE user_id = :user_id'),
                                {'user_id': user.id,
                                'indexable': new_indexable})

            user.user_name = activity_json['preferredUsername'].strip()
            if 'name' in activity_json:
                user.title = activity_json['name'].strip() if activity_json['name'] else ''
            if 'summary' in activity_json:
                about_html = activity_json['summary']
                if about_html is not None and not about_html.startswith('<'):                    # PeerTube
                    about_html = '<p>' + about_html + '</p>'
                user.about_html = allowlist_html(about_html)
            else:
                user.about_html = ''
            if 'source' in activity_json and activity_json['source'].get('mediaType') == 'text/markdown':
                user.about = activity_json['source']['content']
                user.about_html = markdown_to_html(user.about)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
            else:
                user.about = html_to_text(user.about_html)
            if 'attachment' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['attachment'], list):
                user.extra_fields = []
                for field_data in activity_json['attachment']:
                    if field_data['type'] == 'PropertyValue':
                        if '<a ' in field_data['value']:
                            field_data['value'] = mastodon_extra_field_link(field_data['value'])
                        user.extra_fields.append(UserExtraField(shorten_string(label=field_data['name'].strip()), text=field_data['value'].strip()))
            if 'type' in activity_json:
                user.bot = True if activity_json['type'] == 'Service' else False
            user.ap_fetched_at = utcnow()
            user.public_key = activity_json['publicKey']['publicKeyPem']
            user.indexable = new_indexable

            avatar_changed = cover_changed = False
            if 'icon' in activity_json and activity_json['icon'] is not None:
                if isinstance(activity_json['icon'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['icon']:
                    icon_entry = activity_json['icon']['url']
                elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['icon'][-1]:
                    icon_entry = activity_json['icon'][-1]['url']
                else:
                    icon_entry = None
                if icon_entry:
                    if user.avatar_id and icon_entry != user.avatar.source_url:
                        user.avatar.delete_from_disk()
                    if not user.avatar_id or (user.avatar_id and icon_entry != user.avatar.source_url):
                        avatar = File(source_url=icon_entry)
                        user.avatar = avatar
                        session.add(avatar)
                        avatar_changed = True
            if 'image' in activity_json and activity_json['image'] is not None:
                if user.cover_id and activity_json['image']['url'] != user.cover.source_url:
                    user.cover.delete_from_disk()
                if not user.cover_id or (user.cover_id and activity_json['image']['url'] != user.cover.source_url):
                    cover = File(source_url=activity_json['image']['url'])
                    user.cover = cover
                    session.add(cover)
                    cover_changed = True
            user.recalculate_post_stats()
            session.commit()
            if user.avatar_id and avatar_changed:
                make_image_sizes(user.avatar_id, 40, 250, 'users')
            if user.cover_id and cover_changed:
                make_image_sizes(user.cover_id, 700, 1600, 'users')
            session.close()


def refresh_community_profile(community_id):
    if current_app.debug:
        refresh_community_profile_task(community_id)
    else:
        refresh_community_profile_task.apply_async(args=(community_id,), countdown=randint(1, 10))


@celery.task
def refresh_community_profile_task(community_id):
    session = get_task_session()
    community: Community = session.query(Community).get(community_id)
    if community and community.instance.online() and not community.is_local():
        try:
            actor_data = get_request(community.ap_public_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            time.sleep(randint(3, 10))
            try:
                actor_data = get_request(community.ap_public_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
            except Exception as e:
                return
        if actor_data.status_code == 200:
            activity_json = actor_data.json()
            actor_data.close()

            if 'attributedTo' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['attributedTo'], str):  # lemmy and mbin
                mods_url = activity_json['attributedTo']
            elif 'moderators' in activity_json:  # kbin
                mods_url = activity_json['moderators']
            else:
                mods_url = None

            community.nsfw = activity_json['sensitive'] if 'sensitive' in activity_json else False
            if 'nsfl' in activity_json and activity_json['nsfl']:
                community.nsfl = activity_json['nsfl']
            community.title = activity_json['name'].strip()
            community.restricted_to_mods = activity_json['postingRestrictedToMods'] if 'postingRestrictedToMods' in activity_json else False
            community.new_mods_wanted = activity_json['newModsWanted'] if 'newModsWanted' in activity_json else False
            community.private_mods = activity_json['privateMods'] if 'privateMods' in activity_json else False
            community.ap_moderators_url = mods_url
            community.ap_fetched_at = utcnow()
            community.public_key=activity_json['publicKey']['publicKeyPem']

            description_html = ''
            if 'summary' in activity_json:
                description_html = activity_json['summary']
            elif 'content' in activity_json:
                description_html = activity_json['content']
            else:
                description_html = ''

            if description_html is not None and description_html != '':
                if not description_html.startswith('<'):                    # PeerTube
                    description_html = '<p>' + description_html + '</p>'
                community.description_html = allowlist_html(description_html)
                if 'source' in activity_json and activity_json['source'].get('mediaType') == 'text/markdown':
                    community.description = activity_json['source']['content']
                    community.description_html = markdown_to_html(community.description)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
                else:
                    community.description = html_to_text(community.description_html)

            if 'rules' in activity_json:
                community.rules_html = allowlist_html(activity_json['rules'])
                community.rules = html_to_text(community.rules_html)

            icon_changed = cover_changed = False
            if 'icon' in activity_json:
                if isinstance(activity_json['icon'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['icon']:
                    icon_entry = activity_json['icon']['url']
                elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['icon'][-1]:
                    icon_entry = activity_json['icon'][-1]['url']
                else:
                    icon_entry = None
                if icon_entry:
                    if community.icon_id and icon_entry != community.icon.source_url:
                        community.icon.delete_from_disk()
                    if not community.icon_id or (community.icon_id and icon_entry != community.icon.source_url):
                        icon = File(source_url=icon_entry)
                        community.icon = icon
                        session.add(icon)
                        icon_changed = True
            if 'image' in activity_json:
                if isinstance(activity_json['image'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['image']:
                    image_entry = activity_json['image']['url']
                elif isinstance(activity_json['image'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['image'][0]:
                    image_entry = activity_json['image'][0]['url']
                else:
                    image_entry = None
                if image_entry:
                    if community.image_id and image_entry != community.image.source_url:
                        community.image.delete_from_disk()
                    if not community.image_id or (community.image_id and image_entry != community.image.source_url):
                        image = File(source_url=image_entry)
                        community.image = image
                        session.add(image)
                        cover_changed = True
            if 'language' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['language'], list) and not community.ignore_remote_language:
                for ap_language in activity_json['language']:
                    new_language = find_language_or_create(ap_language['identifier'], ap_language['name'], session)
                    if new_language not in community.languages:
                        community.languages.append(new_language)
            instance = session.query(Instance).get(community.instance_id)
            if instance and instance.software == 'peertube':
                community.restricted_to_mods = True
            session.commit()

            if community.icon_id and icon_changed:
                make_image_sizes(community.icon_id, 60, 250, 'communities')
            if community.image_id and cover_changed:
                make_image_sizes(community.image_id, 700, 1600, 'communities')

            if community.ap_moderators_url:
                mods_request = get_request(community.ap_moderators_url, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
                if mods_request.status_code == 200:
                    mods_data = mods_request.json()
                    mods_request.close()
                    if mods_data and mods_data['type'] == 'OrderedCollection' and 'orderedItems' in mods_data:
                        for actor in mods_data['orderedItems']:
                            time.sleep(0.5)
                            user = find_actor_or_create(actor)
                            if user:
                                existing_membership = CommunityMember.query.filter_by(community_id=community.id,
                                                                                      user_id=user.id).first()
                                if existing_membership:
                                    existing_membership.is_moderator = True
                                    db.session.commit()
                                else:
                                    new_membership = CommunityMember(community_id=community.id, user_id=user.id,
                                                                     is_moderator=True)
                                    db.session.add(new_membership)
                                    db.session.commit()

                        # Remove people who are no longer mods
                        for member in CommunityMember.query.filter_by(community_id=community.id, is_moderator=True).all():
                            member_user = User.query.get(member.user_id)
                            is_mod = False
                            for actor in mods_data['orderedItems']:
                                if actor.lower() == member_user.profile_id().lower():
                                    is_mod = True
                                    break
                            if not is_mod:
                                db.session.query(CommunityMember).filter_by(community_id=community.id,
                                                                            user_id=member_user.id,
                                                                            is_moderator=True).delete()
                                db.session.commit()
    session.close()


def actor_json_to_model(activity_json, address, server):
    if activity_json['type'] == 'Person' or activity_json['type'] == 'Service':
        try:
            user = User(user_name=activity_json['preferredUsername'].strip(),
                        title=activity_json['name'].strip() if 'name' in activity_json and activity_json['name'] else None,
                        email=f"{address}@{server}",
                        matrix_user_id=activity_json['matrixUserId'] if 'matrixUserId' in activity_json else '',
                        indexable=activity_json['indexable'] if 'indexable' in activity_json else True,
                        searchable=activity_json['discoverable'] if 'discoverable' in activity_json else True,
                        created=activity_json['published'] if 'published' in activity_json else utcnow(),
                        ap_id=f"{address.lower()}@{server.lower()}",
                        ap_public_url=activity_json['id'],
                        ap_profile_id=activity_json['id'].lower(),
                        ap_inbox_url=activity_json['endpoints']['sharedInbox'] if 'endpoints' in activity_json else activity_json['inbox'] if 'inbox' in activity_json else '',
                        ap_followers_url=activity_json['followers'] if 'followers' in activity_json else None,
                        ap_preferred_username=activity_json['preferredUsername'],
                        ap_manually_approves_followers=activity_json['manuallyApprovesFollowers'] if 'manuallyApprovesFollowers' in activity_json else False,
                        ap_fetched_at=utcnow(),
                        ap_domain=server,
                        public_key=activity_json['publicKey']['publicKeyPem'],
                        bot=True if activity_json['type'] == 'Service' else False,
                        instance_id=find_instance_id(server)
                        # language=community_json['language'][0]['identifier'] # todo: language
                        )
        except KeyError as e:
            current_app.logger.error(f'KeyError for {address}@{server} while parsing ' + str(activity_json))
            return None

        if 'summary' in activity_json:
            about_html = activity_json['summary']
            if about_html is not None and not about_html.startswith('<'):                    # PeerTube
                about_html = '<p>' + about_html + '</p>'
            user.about_html = allowlist_html(about_html)
        else:
            user.about_html = ''
        if 'source' in activity_json and activity_json['source'].get('mediaType') == 'text/markdown':
            user.about = activity_json['source']['content']
            user.about_html = markdown_to_html(user.about)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
        else:
            user.about = html_to_text(user.about_html)

        if 'icon' in activity_json and activity_json['icon'] is not None:
            if isinstance(activity_json['icon'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['icon']:
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon']['url']
            elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['icon'][-1]:
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon'][-1]['url']
            elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], str):
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon']
            else:
                icon_entry = None
            if icon_entry:
                avatar = File(source_url=icon_entry)
                user.avatar = avatar
                db.session.add(avatar)
        if 'image' in activity_json and activity_json['image'] is not None and 'url' in activity_json['image']:
            cover = File(source_url=activity_json['image']['url'])
            user.cover = cover
            db.session.add(cover)
        if 'attachment' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['attachment'], list):
            user.extra_fields = []
            for field_data in activity_json['attachment']:
                if field_data['type'] == 'PropertyValue':
                    if '<a ' in field_data['value']:
                        field_data['value'] = mastodon_extra_field_link(field_data['value'])
                    user.extra_fields.append(UserExtraField(label=shorten_string(field_data['name'].strip()), text=field_data['value'].strip()))
        try:
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
        except IntegrityError:
            db.session.rollback()
            return User.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=activity_json['id'].lower()).one()
        if user.avatar_id:
            make_image_sizes(user.avatar_id, 40, 250, 'users')
        if user.cover_id:
            make_image_sizes(user.cover_id, 878, None, 'users')
        return user
    elif activity_json['type'] == 'Group':
        if 'attributedTo' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['attributedTo'], str):  # lemmy and mbin
            mods_url = activity_json['attributedTo']
        elif 'moderators' in activity_json:  # kbin
            mods_url = activity_json['moderators']
        else:
            mods_url = None

        # only allow nsfw communities if enabled for this instance
        site = Site.query.get(1)    # can't use g.site because actor_json_to_model can be called from celery
        if 'sensitive' in activity_json and activity_json['sensitive'] and not site.enable_nsfw:
            return None
        if 'nsfl' in activity_json and activity_json['nsfl'] and not site.enable_nsfl:
            return None

        community = Community(name=activity_json['preferredUsername'].strip(),
                              title=activity_json['name'].strip(),
                              nsfw=activity_json['sensitive'] if 'sensitive' in activity_json else False,
                              restricted_to_mods=activity_json['postingRestrictedToMods'] if 'postingRestrictedToMods' in activity_json else False,
                              new_mods_wanted=activity_json['newModsWanted'] if 'newModsWanted' in activity_json else False,
                              private_mods=activity_json['privateMods'] if 'privateMods' in activity_json else False,
                              created_at=activity_json['published'] if 'published' in activity_json else utcnow(),
                              last_active=activity_json['updated'] if 'updated' in activity_json else utcnow(),
                              ap_id=f"{address[1:].lower()}@{server.lower()}" if address.startswith('!') else f"{address}@{server}",
                              ap_public_url=activity_json['id'],
                              ap_profile_id=activity_json['id'].lower(),
                              ap_followers_url=activity_json['followers'] if 'followers' in activity_json else None,
                              ap_inbox_url=activity_json['endpoints']['sharedInbox'] if 'endpoints' in activity_json else activity_json['inbox'],
                              ap_outbox_url=activity_json['outbox'],
                              ap_featured_url=activity_json['featured'] if 'featured' in activity_json else '',
                              ap_moderators_url=mods_url,
                              ap_fetched_at=utcnow(),
                              ap_domain=server,
                              public_key=activity_json['publicKey']['publicKeyPem'],
                              # language=community_json['language'][0]['identifier'] # todo: language
                              instance_id=find_instance_id(server),
                              low_quality='memes' in activity_json['preferredUsername']
                              )

        description_html = ''
        if 'summary' in activity_json:
            description_html = activity_json['summary']
        elif 'content' in activity_json:
            description_html = activity_json['content']
        else:
            description_html = ''

        if description_html is not None and description_html != '':
            if not description_html.startswith('<'):                    # PeerTube
                description_html = '<p>' + description_html + '</p>'
            community.description_html = allowlist_html(description_html)
            if 'source' in activity_json and activity_json['source'].get('mediaType') == 'text/markdown':
                community.description = activity_json['source']['content']
                community.description_html = markdown_to_html(community.description)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
            else:
                community.description = html_to_text(community.description_html)

        if 'rules' in activity_json:
            community.rules_html = allowlist_html(activity_json['rules'])
            community.rules = html_to_text(community.rules_html)

        if 'icon' in activity_json and activity_json['icon'] is not None:
            if isinstance(activity_json['icon'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['icon']:
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon']['url']
            elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['icon'][-1]:
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon'][-1]['url']
            elif isinstance(activity_json['icon'], str):
                icon_entry = activity_json['icon']
            else:
                icon_entry = None
            if icon_entry:
                icon = File(source_url=icon_entry)
                community.icon = icon
                db.session.add(icon)
        if 'image' in activity_json and activity_json['image'] is not None:
            if isinstance(activity_json['image'], dict) and 'url' in activity_json['image']:
                image_entry = activity_json['image']['url']
            elif isinstance(activity_json['image'], list) and 'url' in activity_json['image'][0]:
                image_entry = activity_json['image'][0]['url']
            else:
                image_entry = None
            if image_entry:
                image = File(source_url=image_entry)
                community.image = image
                db.session.add(image)
        if 'language' in activity_json and isinstance(activity_json['language'], list):
            for ap_language in activity_json['language']:
                community.languages.append(find_language_or_create(ap_language['identifier'], ap_language['name']))
        try:
            db.session.add(community)
            db.session.commit()
        except IntegrityError:
            db.session.rollback()
            return Community.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=activity_json['id'].lower()).one()
        if community.icon_id:
            make_image_sizes(community.icon_id, 60, 250, 'communities')
        if community.image_id:
            make_image_sizes(community.image_id, 700, 1600, 'communities')
        return community


# Save two different versions of a File, after downloading it from file.source_url. Set a width parameter to None to avoid generating one of that size
def make_image_sizes(file_id, thumbnail_width=50, medium_width=120, directory='posts', toxic_community=False):
    if current_app.debug:
        make_image_sizes_async(file_id, thumbnail_width, medium_width, directory, toxic_community)
    else:
        make_image_sizes_async.apply_async(args=(file_id, thumbnail_width, medium_width, directory, toxic_community), countdown=randint(1, 10))  # Delay by up to 10 seconds so servers do not experience a stampede of requests all in the same second


@celery.task
def make_image_sizes_async(file_id, thumbnail_width, medium_width, directory, toxic_community):
    session = get_task_session()
    file: File = session.query(File).get(file_id)
    if file and file.source_url:
        try:
            source_image_response = get_request(file.source_url)
        except:
            pass
        else:
            if source_image_response.status_code == 404 and '/api/v3/image_proxy' in file.source_url:
                source_image_response.close()
                # Lemmy failed to retrieve the image but we might have better luck. Example source_url: https://slrpnk.net/api/v3/image_proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.guim.co.uk%2Fimg%2Fmedia%2F24e87cb4d730141848c339b3b862691ca536fb26%2F0_164_3385_2031%2Fmaster%2F3385.jpg%3Fwidth%3D1200%26height%3D630%26quality%3D85%26auto%3Dformat%26fit%3Dcrop%26overlay-align%3Dbottom%252Cleft%26overlay-width%3D100p%26overlay-base64%3DL2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc%26enable%3Dupscale%26s%3D0ec9d25a8cb5db9420471054e26cfa63
                # The un-proxied image url is the query parameter called 'url'
                parsed_url = urlparse(file.source_url)
                query_params = parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
                if 'url' in query_params:
                    url_value = query_params['url'][0]
                    source_image_response = get_request(url_value)
                else:
                    source_image_response = None
            if source_image_response and source_image_response.status_code == 200:
                content_type = source_image_response.headers.get('content-type')
                if content_type:
                    if content_type.startswith('image') or (content_type == 'application/octet-stream' and file.source_url.endswith('.avif')):
                        source_image = source_image_response.content
                        source_image_response.close()

                        content_type_parts = content_type.split('/')
                        if content_type_parts:
                            # content type headers often are just 'image/jpeg' but sometimes 'image/jpeg;charset=utf8'

                            # Remove ;charset=whatever
                            main_part = content_type.split(';')[0]

                            # Split the main part on the '/' character and take the second part
                            file_ext = '.' + main_part.split('/')[1]
                            file_ext = file_ext.strip() # just to be sure

                            if file_ext == '.jpeg':
                                file_ext = '.jpg'
                            elif file_ext == '.svg+xml':
                                return  # no need to resize SVG images
                            elif file_ext == '.octet-stream':
                                file_ext = '.avif'
                        else:
                            file_ext = os.path.splitext(file.source_url)[1]
                            file_ext = file_ext.replace('%3f', '?')  # sometimes urls are not decoded properly
                            if '?' in file_ext:
                                file_ext = file_ext.split('?')[0]

                        new_filename = gibberish(15)

                        # set up the storage directory
                        directory = f'app/static/media/{directory}/' + new_filename[0:2] + '/' + new_filename[2:4]
                        ensure_directory_exists(directory)

                        # file path and names to store the resized images on disk
                        final_place = os.path.join(directory, new_filename + file_ext)
                        final_place_thumbnail = os.path.join(directory, new_filename + '_thumbnail.webp')

                        if file_ext == '.avif': # this is quite a big plugin so we'll only load it if necessary
                            import pillow_avif

                        # Load image data into Pillow
                        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 89478485
                        image = Image.open(BytesIO(source_image))
                        image = ImageOps.exif_transpose(image)
                        img_width = image.width
                        img_height = image.height

                        # Resize the image to medium
                        if medium_width:
                            if img_width > medium_width:
                                image.thumbnail((medium_width, medium_width))
                            image.save(final_place)
                            file.file_path = final_place
                            file.width = image.width
                            file.height = image.height

                        # Resize the image to a thumbnail (webp)
                        if thumbnail_width:
                            if img_width > thumbnail_width:
                                image.thumbnail((thumbnail_width, thumbnail_width))
                            image.save(final_place_thumbnail, format="WebP", quality=93)
                            file.thumbnail_path = final_place_thumbnail
                            file.thumbnail_width = image.width
                            file.thumbnail_height = image.height

                        session.commit()

                        # Alert regarding fascist meme content
                        if toxic_community and img_width < 2000:    # images > 2000px tend to be real photos instead of 4chan screenshots.
                            try:
                                image_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(Image.open(BytesIO(source_image)).convert('L'), timeout=30)
                            except Exception as e:
                                image_text = ''
                            if 'Anonymous' in image_text and ('No.' in image_text or ' N0' in image_text):   # chan posts usually contain the text 'Anonymous' and ' No.12345'
                                post = Post.query.filter_by(image_id=file.id).first()
                                notification = Notification(title='Review this',
                                                            user_id=1,
                                                            author_id=post.user_id,
                                                            url=url_for('activitypub.post_ap', post_id=post.id))
                                session.add(notification)
                                session.commit()


def find_reply_parent(in_reply_to: str) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
    if 'comment' in in_reply_to:
        parent_comment = PostReply.get_by_ap_id(in_reply_to)
        if not parent_comment:
            return (None, None, None)
        parent_comment_id = parent_comment.id
        post_id = parent_comment.post_id
        root_id = parent_comment.root_id
    elif 'post' in in_reply_to:
        parent_comment_id = None
        post = Post.get_by_ap_id(in_reply_to)
        if not post:
            return (None, None, None)
        post_id = post.id
        root_id = None
    else:
        parent_comment_id = None
        root_id = None
        post_id = None
        post = Post.get_by_ap_id(in_reply_to)
        if post:
            post_id = post.id
        else:
            parent_comment = PostReply.get_by_ap_id(in_reply_to)
            if parent_comment:
                parent_comment_id = parent_comment.id
                post_id = parent_comment.post_id
                root_id = parent_comment.root_id
            else:
                return (None, None, None)

    return post_id, parent_comment_id, root_id


def find_liked_object(ap_id) -> Union[Post, PostReply, None]:
    post = Post.get_by_ap_id(ap_id)
    if post:
        return post
    else:
        post_reply = PostReply.get_by_ap_id(ap_id)
        if post_reply:
            return post_reply
    return None


def find_reported_object(ap_id) -> Union[User, Post, PostReply, None]:
    post = Post.get_by_ap_id(ap_id)
    if post:
        return post
    else:
        post_reply = PostReply.get_by_ap_id(ap_id)
        if post_reply:
            return post_reply
        else:
            user = find_actor_or_create(ap_id, create_if_not_found=False)
            if user:
                return user
    return None


def find_instance_id(server):
    server = server.strip().lower()
    instance = Instance.query.filter_by(domain=server).first()
    if instance:
        return instance.id
    else:
        # Our instance does not know about {server} yet. Initially, create a sparse row in the 'instance' table and spawn a background
        # task to update the row with more details later
        new_instance = Instance(domain=server, software='unknown', created_at=utcnow(), trusted=server == 'piefed.social')
        try:
            db.session.add(new_instance)
            db.session.commit()
        except IntegrityError:
            return Instance.query.filter_by(domain=server).one()

        # Spawn background task to fill in more details
        new_instance_profile(new_instance.id)

        return new_instance.id


def new_instance_profile(instance_id: int):
    if instance_id:
        if current_app.debug:
            new_instance_profile_task(instance_id)
        else:
            new_instance_profile_task.apply_async(args=(instance_id,), countdown=randint(1, 10))


@celery.task
def new_instance_profile_task(instance_id: int):
    session = get_task_session()
    instance: Instance = session.query(Instance).get(instance_id)
    try:
        instance_data = get_request(f"https://{instance.domain}", headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
    except:
        return
    if instance_data.status_code == 200:
        try:
            instance_json = instance_data.json()
            instance_data.close()
        except Exception as ex:
            instance_json = {}
        if 'type' in instance_json and instance_json['type'] == 'Application':
            instance.inbox = instance_json['inbox']
            instance.outbox = instance_json['outbox']
        else:   # it's pretty much always /inbox so just assume that it is for whatever this instance is running
            instance.inbox = f"https://{instance.domain}/inbox"
        instance.updated_at = utcnow()
        session.commit()

        # retrieve list of Admins from /api/v3/site, update InstanceRole
        try:
            response = get_request(f'https://{instance.domain}/api/v3/site')
        except:
            response = None

        if response and response.status_code == 200:
            try:
                instance_data = response.json()
            except:
                instance_data = None
            finally:
                response.close()

            if instance_data:
                if 'admins' in instance_data:
                    admin_profile_ids = []
                    for admin in instance_data['admins']:
                        admin_profile_ids.append(admin['person']['actor_id'].lower())
                        user = find_actor_or_create(admin['person']['actor_id'])
                        if user and not instance.user_is_admin(user.id):
                            new_instance_role = InstanceRole(instance_id=instance.id, user_id=user.id, role='admin')
                            session.add(new_instance_role)
                            session.commit()
                    # remove any InstanceRoles that are no longer part of instance-data['admins']
                    for instance_admin in InstanceRole.query.filter_by(instance_id=instance.id):
                        if instance_admin.user.profile_id() not in admin_profile_ids:
                            session.query(InstanceRole).filter(
                                    InstanceRole.user_id == instance_admin.user.id,
                                    InstanceRole.instance_id == instance.id,
                                    InstanceRole.role == 'admin').delete()
                            session.commit()
    elif instance_data.status_code == 406 or instance_data.status_code == 404:  # Mastodon and PeerTube do 406, a.gup.pe does 404
        instance.inbox = f"https://{instance.domain}/inbox"
        instance.updated_at = utcnow()
        session.commit()

    headers = {'Accept': 'application/activity+json'}
    try:
        nodeinfo = get_request(f"https://{instance.domain}/.well-known/nodeinfo", headers=headers)
        if nodeinfo.status_code == 200:
            nodeinfo_json = nodeinfo.json()
            for links in nodeinfo_json['links']:
                if isinstance(links, dict) and 'rel' in links and (
                    links['rel'] == 'http://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/ns/schema/2.0' or    # most platforms except KBIN and Lemmy v0.19.4
                    links['rel'] == 'https://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/ns/schema/2.0' or   # KBIN
                    links['rel'] == 'http://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/ns/schema/2.1'):     # Lemmy v0.19.4+ (no 2.0 back-compat provided here)
                    try:
                        time.sleep(0.1)
                        node = get_request(links['href'], headers=headers)
                        if node.status_code == 200:
                            node_json = node.json()
                            if 'software' in node_json:
                                instance.software = node_json['software']['name'].lower()
                                instance.version = node_json['software']['version']
                                instance.nodeinfo_href = links['href']
                                session.commit()
                                break  # most platforms (except Lemmy v0.19.4) that provide 2.1 also provide 2.0 - there's no need to check both
                    except:
                        return
    except:
        return
    session.close()


# alter the effect of upvotes based on their instance. Default to 1.0
@cache.memoize(timeout=50)
def instance_weight(domain):
    if domain:
        instance = Instance.query.filter_by(domain=domain).first()
        if instance:
            return instance.vote_weight
    return 1.0


def is_activitypub_request():
    return 'application/ld+json' in request.headers.get('Accept', '') or 'application/activity+json' in request.headers.get('Accept', '')


def delete_post_or_comment(deletor, to_delete, store_ap_json, request_json, reason):
    saved_json = request_json if store_ap_json else None
    id = request_json['id']
    community = to_delete.community
    if (to_delete.user_id == deletor.id or
        (deletor.instance_id == to_delete.author.instance_id and deletor.is_instance_admin()) or
        community.is_moderator(deletor) or
        community.is_instance_admin(deletor)):
        if isinstance(to_delete, Post):
            to_delete.deleted = True
            to_delete.deleted_by = deletor.id
            community.post_count -= 1
            to_delete.author.post_count -= 1
            if to_delete.url and to_delete.cross_posts is not None:
                to_delete.calculate_cross_posts(delete_only=True)
            db.session.commit()
            if to_delete.author.id != deletor.id:
                add_to_modlog_activitypub('delete_post', deletor, community_id=community.id,
                                          link_text=shorten_string(to_delete.title), link=f'post/{to_delete.id}',
                                          reason=reason)
        elif isinstance(to_delete, PostReply):
            to_delete.deleted = True
            to_delete.deleted_by = deletor.id
            to_delete.author.post_reply_count -= 1
            community.post_reply_count -= 1
            if not to_delete.author.bot:
                to_delete.post.reply_count -= 1
            db.session.commit()
            if to_delete.author.id != deletor.id:
                add_to_modlog_activitypub('delete_post_reply', deletor, community_id=community.id,
                                          link_text=f'comment on {shorten_string(to_delete.post.title)}',
                                          link=f'post/{to_delete.post.id}#comment_{to_delete.id}',
                                          reason=reason)
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_DELETE, APLOG_SUCCESS, saved_json)
    else:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_DELETE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Deletor did not have permisson')


def restore_post_or_comment(restorer, to_restore, store_ap_json, request_json, reason):
    saved_json = request_json if store_ap_json else None
    id = request_json['id']
    community = to_restore.community
    if (to_restore.user_id == restorer.id or
        (restorer.instance_id == to_restore.author.instance_id and restorer.is_instance_admin()) or
        community.is_moderator(restorer) or
        community.is_instance_admin(restorer)):
        if isinstance(to_restore, Post):
            to_restore.deleted = False
            to_restore.deleted_by = None
            community.post_count += 1
            to_restore.author.post_count += 1
            if to_restore.url:
                to_restore.calculate_cross_posts()
            db.session.commit()
            if to_restore.author.id != restorer.id:
                add_to_modlog_activitypub('restore_post', restorer, community_id=community.id,
                                          link_text=shorten_string(to_restore.title), link=f'post/{to_restore.id}',
                                          reason=reason)

        elif isinstance(to_restore, PostReply):
            to_restore.deleted = False
            to_restore.deleted_by = None
            if not to_restore.author.bot:
                to_restore.post.reply_count += 1
            to_restore.author.post_reply_count += 1
            db.session.commit()
            if to_restore.author.id != restorer.id:
                add_to_modlog_activitypub('restore_post_reply', restorer, community_id=community.id,
                                          link_text=f'comment on {shorten_string(to_restore.post.title)}',
                                          link=f'post/{to_restore.post_id}#comment_{to_restore.id}',
                                          reason=reason)
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_UNDO_DELETE, APLOG_SUCCESS, saved_json)
    else:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_UNDO_DELETE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Restorer did not have permisson')


def site_ban_remove_data(blocker_id, blocked):
    replies = PostReply.query.filter_by(user_id=blocked.id, deleted=False)
    for reply in replies:
        reply.deleted = True
        reply.deleted_by = blocker_id
        if not blocked.bot:
            reply.post.reply_count -= 1
        reply.community.post_reply_count -= 1
    blocked.reply_count = 0
    db.session.commit()

    posts = Post.query.filter_by(user_id=blocked.id, deleted=False)
    for post in posts:
        post.deleted = True
        post.deleted_by = blocker_id
        post.community.post_count -= 1
        if post.url and post.cross_posts is not None:
            post.calculate_cross_posts(delete_only=True)
    blocked.post_count = 0
    db.session.commit()

    # Delete all their images to save moderators from having to see disgusting stuff.
    # Images attached to posts can't be restored, but site ban reversals don't have a 'removeData' field anyway.
    files = File.query.join(Post).filter(Post.user_id == blocked.id).all()
    for file in files:
        file.delete_from_disk()
        file.source_url = ''
    if blocked.avatar_id:
        blocked.avatar.delete_from_disk()
        blocked.avatar.source_url = ''
    if blocked.cover_id:
        blocked.cover.delete_from_disk()
        blocked.cover.source_url = ''

    db.session.commit()


def community_ban_remove_data(blocker_id, community_id, blocked):
    replies = PostReply.query.filter_by(user_id=blocked.id, deleted=False, community_id=community_id)
    for reply in replies:
        reply.deleted = True
        reply.deleted_by = blocker_id
        if not blocked.bot:
            reply.post.reply_count -= 1
        reply.community.post_reply_count -= 1
        blocked.post_reply_count -= 1
    db.session.commit()

    posts = Post.query.filter_by(user_id=blocked.id, deleted=False, community_id=community_id)
    for post in posts:
        post.deleted = True
        post.deleted_by = blocker_id
        post.community.post_count -= 1
        if post.url and post.cross_posts is not None:
            post.calculate_cross_posts(delete_only=True)
        blocked.post_count -= 1
    db.session.commit()

    # Delete attached images to save moderators from having to see disgusting stuff.
    files = File.query.join(Post).filter(Post.user_id == blocked.id, Post.community_id == community_id).all()
    for file in files:
        file.delete_from_disk()
        file.source_url = ''
    db.session.commit()


def ban_user(blocker, blocked, community, core_activity):
    existing = CommunityBan.query.filter_by(community_id=community.id, user_id=blocked.id).first()
    if not existing:
        new_ban = CommunityBan(community_id=community.id, user_id=blocked.id, banned_by=blocker.id)
        if 'summary' in core_activity:
            reason = core_activity['summary']
        else:
            reason = ''
        new_ban.reason = reason

        ban_until = None
        if 'expires' in core_activity:
            try:
                ban_until = datetime.fromisoformat(core_activity['expires'])
            except ValueError as e:
                ban_until = arrow.get(core_activity['expires']).datetime
        elif 'endTime' in core_activity:
            try:
                ban_until = datetime.fromisoformat(core_activity['endTime'])
            except ValueError as e:
                ban_until = arrow.get(core_activity['endTime']).datetime

        if ban_until and ban_until > datetime.now(timezone.utc):
            new_ban.ban_until = ban_until

        db.session.add(new_ban)

        community_membership_record = CommunityMember.query.filter_by(community_id=community.id, user_id=blocked.id).first()
        if community_membership_record:
            community_membership_record.is_banned = True
        db.session.commit()

        if blocked.is_local():
            db.session.query(CommunityJoinRequest).filter(CommunityJoinRequest.community_id == community.id, CommunityJoinRequest.user_id == blocked.id).delete()

            # Notify banned person
            notify = Notification(title=shorten_string('You have been banned from ' + community.title),
                                  url=f'/chat/ban_from_mod/{blocked.id}/{community.id}', user_id=blocked.id,
                                  author_id=blocker.id)
            db.session.add(notify)
            if not current_app.debug:                           # user.unread_notifications += 1 hangs app if 'user' is the same person
                blocked.unread_notifications += 1               # who pressed 'Re-submit this activity'.

            # Remove their notification subscription,  if any
            db.session.query(NotificationSubscription).filter(NotificationSubscription.entity_id == community.id,
                                                              NotificationSubscription.user_id == blocked.id,
                                                              NotificationSubscription.type == NOTIF_COMMUNITY).delete()
            db.session.commit()

            cache.delete_memoized(communities_banned_from, blocked.id)
            cache.delete_memoized(joined_communities, blocked.id)
            cache.delete_memoized(moderating_communities, blocked.id)

        add_to_modlog_activitypub('ban_user', blocker, community_id=community.id, link_text=blocked.display_name(), link=f'u/{blocked.link()}', reason=reason)


def unban_user(blocker, blocked, community, core_activity):
    if 'object' in core_activity and 'summary' in core_activity['object']:
        reason = core_activity['object']['summary']
    else:
        reason = ''
    db.session.query(CommunityBan).filter(CommunityBan.community_id == community.id, CommunityBan.user_id == blocked.id).delete()
    community_membership_record = CommunityMember.query.filter_by(community_id=community.id, user_id=blocked.id).first()
    if community_membership_record:
        community_membership_record.is_banned = False
    db.session.commit()

    if blocked.is_local():
        # Notify unbanned person
        notify = Notification(title=shorten_string('You have been unbanned from ' + community.title),
                              url=f'/chat/ban_from_mod/{blocked.id}/{community.id}', user_id=blocked.id, author_id=blocker.id)
        db.session.add(notify)
        if not current_app.debug:                           # user.unread_notifications += 1 hangs app if 'user' is the same person
            blocked.unread_notifications += 1               # who pressed 'Re-submit this activity'.

        db.session.commit()

        cache.delete_memoized(communities_banned_from, blocked.id)
        cache.delete_memoized(joined_communities, blocked.id)
        cache.delete_memoized(moderating_communities, blocked.id)

    add_to_modlog_activitypub('unban_user', blocker, community_id=community.id, link_text=blocked.display_name(), link=f'u/{blocked.link()}', reason=reason)


def create_post_reply(store_ap_json, community: Community, in_reply_to, request_json: dict, user: User, announce_id=None) -> Union[PostReply, None]:
    saved_json = request_json if store_ap_json else None
    id = request_json['id']
    if community.local_only:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Community is local only, reply discarded')
        return None
    post_id, parent_comment_id, root_id = find_reply_parent(in_reply_to)

    if post_id or parent_comment_id or root_id:
        # set depth to +1 of the parent depth
        if parent_comment_id:
            parent_comment = PostReply.query.get(parent_comment_id)
        else:
            parent_comment = None
        if post_id is None:
            log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Could not find parent post')
            return None
        post = Post.query.get(post_id)

        body = body_html = ''
        if 'content' in request_json['object']:   # Kbin, Mastodon, etc provide their posts as html
            if not (request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<p>') or request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<blockquote>')):
                request_json['object']['content'] = '<p>' + request_json['object']['content'] + '</p>'
            body_html = allowlist_html(request_json['object']['content'])
            if 'source' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['source'], dict) and \
                    'mediaType' in request_json['object']['source'] and request_json['object']['source']['mediaType'] == 'text/markdown':
                body = request_json['object']['source']['content']
                body_html = markdown_to_html(body)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
            else:
                body = html_to_text(body_html)

        # Language - Lemmy uses 'language' while Mastodon uses 'contentMap'
        language_id = None
        if 'language' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['language'], dict):
            language = find_language_or_create(request_json['object']['language']['identifier'],
                                               request_json['object']['language']['name'])
            language_id = language.id
        elif 'contentMap' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['contentMap'], dict):
            language = find_language(next(iter(request_json['object']['contentMap'])))  # Combination of next and iter gets the first key in a dict
            language_id = language.id if language else None

        # Check for Mentions of local users
        reply_parent = parent_comment if parent_comment else post
        local_users_to_notify = []
        if 'tag' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['tag'], list):
            for json_tag in request_json['object']['tag']:
                if 'type' in json_tag and json_tag['type'] == 'Mention':
                    profile_id = json_tag['href'] if 'href' in json_tag else None
                    if profile_id and isinstance(profile_id, str) and profile_id.startswith('https://' + current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']):
                        profile_id = profile_id.lower()
                        if profile_id != reply_parent.author.ap_profile_id:
                            local_users_to_notify.append(profile_id)

        try:
            post_reply = PostReply.new(user, post, parent_comment, notify_author=True, body=body, body_html=body_html,
                                       language_id=language_id, request_json=request_json, announce_id=announce_id)
            for lutn in local_users_to_notify:
                recipient = User.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=lutn, ap_id=None).first()
                if recipient:
                    blocked_senders = blocked_users(recipient.id)
                    if post_reply.user_id not in blocked_senders:
                        notification = Notification(user_id=recipient.id, title=_(f"You have been mentioned in comment {post_reply.id}"),
                                                    url=f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/comment/{post_reply.id}",
                                                    author_id=user.id)
                        recipient.unread_notifications += 1
                        db.session.add(notification)
                        db.session.commit()

            return post_reply
        except Exception as ex:
            log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, str(ex))
            return None
    else:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Unable to find parent post/comment')
        return None


def create_post(store_ap_json, community: Community, request_json: dict, user: User, announce_id=None) -> Union[Post, None]:
    saved_json = request_json if store_ap_json else None
    id = request_json['id']
    if community.local_only:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, 'Community is local only, post discarded')
        return None
    try:
        post = Post.new(user, community, request_json, announce_id)
        return post
    except Exception as ex:
        log_incoming_ap(id, APLOG_CREATE, APLOG_FAILURE, saved_json, str(ex))
        return None


def notify_about_post(post: Post):
    # todo: eventually this function could trigger a lot of DB activity. This function will need to be a celery task.

    # Send notifications based on subscriptions
    notifications_sent_to = set()
    send_notifs_to = set(notification_subscribers(post.user_id, NOTIF_USER) +
                         notification_subscribers(post.community_id, NOTIF_COMMUNITY) +
                         notification_subscribers(post.community.topic_id, NOTIF_TOPIC))
    for notify_id in send_notifs_to:
        if notify_id != post.user_id and notify_id not in notifications_sent_to:
            new_notification = Notification(title=shorten_string(post.title, 50), url=f"/post/{post.id}",
                                            user_id=notify_id, author_id=post.user_id)
            db.session.add(new_notification)
            user = User.query.get(notify_id)
            user.unread_notifications += 1
            db.session.commit()
            notifications_sent_to.add(notify_id)


def notify_about_post_reply(parent_reply: Union[PostReply, None], new_reply: PostReply):

    if parent_reply is None:  # This happens when a new_reply is a top-level comment, not a comment on a comment
        send_notifs_to = notification_subscribers(new_reply.post.id, NOTIF_POST)
        for notify_id in send_notifs_to:
            if new_reply.user_id != notify_id:
                new_notification = Notification(title=shorten_string(_('Reply to %(post_title)s',
                                                                       post_title=new_reply.post.title), 50),
                                                url=f"/post/{new_reply.post.id}#comment_{new_reply.id}",
                                                user_id=notify_id, author_id=new_reply.user_id)
                db.session.add(new_notification)
                user = User.query.get(notify_id)
                user.unread_notifications += 1
                db.session.commit()
    else:
        # Send notifications based on subscriptions
        send_notifs_to = set(notification_subscribers(parent_reply.id, NOTIF_REPLY))
        for notify_id in send_notifs_to:
            if new_reply.user_id != notify_id:
                if new_reply.depth <= THREAD_CUTOFF_DEPTH:
                    new_notification = Notification(title=shorten_string(_('Reply to comment on %(post_title)s',
                                                                           post_title=parent_reply.post.title), 50),
                                                    url=f"/post/{parent_reply.post.id}#comment_{new_reply.id}",
                                                    user_id=notify_id, author_id=new_reply.user_id)
                else:
                    new_notification = Notification(title=shorten_string(_('Reply to comment on %(post_title)s',
                                                                           post_title=parent_reply.post.title), 50),
                                                    url=f"/post/{parent_reply.post.id}/comment/{parent_reply.id}#comment_{new_reply.id}",
                                                    user_id=notify_id, author_id=new_reply.user_id)
                db.session.add(new_notification)
                user = User.query.get(notify_id)
                user.unread_notifications += 1
                db.session.commit()


def update_post_reply_from_activity(reply: PostReply, request_json: dict):
    if 'content' in request_json['object']:   # Kbin, Mastodon, etc provide their posts as html
        if not (request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<p>') or request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<blockquote>')):
            request_json['object']['content'] = '<p>' + request_json['object']['content'] + '</p>'
        reply.body_html = allowlist_html(request_json['object']['content'])
        if 'source' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['source'], dict) and \
            'mediaType' in request_json['object']['source'] and request_json['object']['source']['mediaType'] == 'text/markdown':
            reply.body = request_json['object']['source']['content']
            reply.body_html = markdown_to_html(reply.body)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
        else:
            reply.body = html_to_text(reply.body_html)
    # Language
    if 'language' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['language'], dict):
        language = find_language_or_create(request_json['object']['language']['identifier'], request_json['object']['language']['name'])
        reply.language_id = language.id
    reply.edited_at = utcnow()

    # Check for Mentions of local users (that weren't in the original)
    if 'tag' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['tag'], list):
        for json_tag in request_json['object']['tag']:
            if 'type' in json_tag and json_tag['type'] == 'Mention':
                profile_id = json_tag['href'] if 'href' in json_tag else None
                if profile_id and isinstance(profile_id, str) and profile_id.startswith('https://' + current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']):
                    profile_id = profile_id.lower()
                    if reply.parent_id:
                        reply_parent = PostReply.query.get(reply.parent_id)
                    else:
                        reply_parent = reply.post
                    if reply_parent and profile_id != reply_parent.author.ap_profile_id:
                        recipient = User.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=profile_id, ap_id=None).first()
                        if recipient:
                            blocked_senders = blocked_users(recipient.id)
                            if reply.user_id not in blocked_senders:
                                existing_notification = Notification.query.filter(Notification.user_id == recipient.id, Notification.url == f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/comment/{reply.id}").first()
                                if not existing_notification:
                                    notification = Notification(user_id=recipient.id, title=_(f"You have been mentioned in comment {reply.id}"),
                                                                url=f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/comment/{reply.id}",
                                                                author_id=reply.user_id)
                                    recipient.unread_notifications += 1
                                    db.session.add(notification)

    db.session.commit()


def update_post_from_activity(post: Post, request_json: dict):
    # redo body without checking if it's changed
    if 'content' in request_json['object'] and request_json['object']['content'] is not None:
        if 'mediaType' in request_json['object'] and request_json['object']['mediaType'] == 'text/html':
            post.body_html = allowlist_html(request_json['object']['content'])
            if 'source' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['source'], dict) and request_json['object']['source']['mediaType'] == 'text/markdown':
                post.body = request_json['object']['source']['content']
                post.body_html = markdown_to_html(post.body)          # prefer Markdown if provided, overwrite version obtained from HTML
            else:
                post.body = html_to_text(post.body_html)
        elif 'mediaType' in request_json['object'] and request_json['object']['mediaType'] == 'text/markdown':
            post.body = request_json['object']['content']
            post.body_html = markdown_to_html(post.body)
        else:
            if not (request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<p>') or request_json['object']['content'].startswith('<blockquote>')):
                request_json['object']['content'] = '<p>' + request_json['object']['content'] + '</p>'
            post.body_html = allowlist_html(request_json['object']['content'])
            post.body = html_to_text(post.body_html)

    # title
    old_title = post.title
    if 'name' in request_json['object']:
        new_title = request_json['object']['name']
        post.microblog = False
    else:
        autogenerated_title = microblog_content_to_title(post.body_html)
        if len(autogenerated_title) < 20:
            new_title = '[Microblog] ' + autogenerated_title.strip()
        else:
            new_title = autogenerated_title.strip()
        post.microblog = True

    if old_title != new_title:
        post.title = new_title
        if '[NSFL]' in new_title.upper() or '(NSFL)' in new_title.upper():
            post.nsfl = True
        if '[NSFW]' in new_title.upper() or '(NSFW)' in new_title.upper():
            post.nsfw = True
    if 'sensitive' in request_json['object']:
        post.nsfw = request_json['object']['sensitive']
    if 'nsfl' in request_json['object']:
        post.nsfl = request_json['object']['nsfl']

    # Language
    old_language_id = post.language_id
    new_language = None
    if 'language' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['language'], dict):
        new_language = find_language_or_create(request_json['object']['language']['identifier'], request_json['object']['language']['name'])
    elif 'contentMap' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['contentMap'], dict):
        new_language = find_language(next(iter(request_json['object']['contentMap'])))
    if new_language and (new_language.id != old_language_id):
        post.language_id = new_language.id

    # Tags
    if 'tag' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['tag'], list):
        db.session.execute(text('DELETE FROM "post_tag" WHERE post_id = :post_id'), {'post_id': post.id})
        for json_tag in request_json['object']['tag']:
            if json_tag['type'] == 'Hashtag':
                if json_tag['name'][1:].lower() != post.community.name.lower():             # Lemmy adds the community slug as a hashtag on every post in the community, which we want to ignore
                    hashtag = find_hashtag_or_create(json_tag['name'])
                    if hashtag:
                        post.tags.append(hashtag)
            if 'type' in json_tag and json_tag['type'] == 'Mention':
                profile_id = json_tag['href'] if 'href' in json_tag else None
                if profile_id and isinstance(profile_id, str) and profile_id.startswith('https://' + current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']):
                    profile_id = profile_id.lower()
                    recipient = User.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=profile_id, ap_id=None).first()
                    if recipient:
                        blocked_senders = blocked_users(recipient.id)
                        if post.user_id not in blocked_senders:
                            existing_notification = Notification.query.filter(Notification.user_id == recipient.id, Notification.url == f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/post/{post.id}").first()
                            if not existing_notification:
                                notification = Notification(user_id=recipient.id, title=_(f"You have been mentioned in post {post.id}"),
                                                            url=f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/post/{post.id}",
                                                            author_id=post.user_id)
                                recipient.unread_notifications += 1
                                db.session.add(notification)

    post.comments_enabled = request_json['object']['commentsEnabled'] if 'commentsEnabled' in request_json['object'] else True
    post.edited_at = utcnow()

    if request_json['object']['type'] == 'Video':
        # fetching individual user details to attach to votes is probably too convoluted, so take the instance's word for it
        upvotes = 1   # from OP
        downvotes = 0
        endpoints = ['likes', 'dislikes']
        for endpoint in endpoints:
            if endpoint in request_json['object']:
                try:
                    object_request = get_request(request_json['object'][endpoint], headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
                except httpx.HTTPError:
                    time.sleep(3)
                    try:
                        object_request = get_request(request_json['object'][endpoint], headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
                    except httpx.HTTPError:
                        object_request = None
                if object_request and object_request.status_code == 200:
                    try:
                        object = object_request.json()
                    except:
                        object_request.close()
                        object = None
                    object_request.close()
                    if object and 'totalItems' in object:
                        if endpoint == 'likes':
                            upvotes += object['totalItems']
                        if endpoint == 'dislikes':
                            downvotes += object['totalItems']

        # this uses the instance the post is from, rather the instances of individual votes. Useful for promoting PeerTube vids over Lemmy posts.
        multiplier = post.instance.vote_weight
        if not multiplier:
            multiplier = 1.0
        post.up_votes = upvotes * multiplier
        post.down_votes = downvotes
        post.score = upvotes - downvotes
        post.ranking = post.post_ranking(post.score, post.posted_at)
        # return now for PeerTube, otherwise rest of this function breaks the post
        db.session.commit()
        return

    # Links
    old_url = post.url
    new_url = None
    if ('attachment' in request_json['object'] and
        isinstance(request_json['object']['attachment'], list) and
        len(request_json['object']['attachment']) > 0 and
        'type' in request_json['object']['attachment'][0]):
        if request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['type'] == 'Link':
            new_url = request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['href']              # Lemmy < 0.19.4
        if request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['type'] == 'Document':
            new_url = request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['url']               # Mastodon
        if request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['type'] == 'Image':
            new_url = request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['url']               # PixelFed / PieFed / Lemmy >= 0.19.4
    if 'attachment' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['attachment'], dict):   # Mastodon / a.gup.pe
        new_url = request_json['object']['attachment']['url']
    if new_url:
        new_url = remove_tracking_from_link(new_url)
        new_domain = domain_from_url(new_url)
        if new_domain.banned:
            db.session.commit()
            return                                                                  # reject change to url if new domain is banned
    old_db_entry_to_delete = None
    if old_url != new_url:
        if post.image:
            post.image.delete_from_disk()
            old_db_entry_to_delete = post.image_id
        if new_url:
            post.url = new_url
            image = None
            if is_image_url(new_url):
                post.type = POST_TYPE_IMAGE
                image = File(source_url=new_url)
                if 'name' in request_json['object']['attachment'][0] and request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['name'] is not None:
                    image.alt_text = request_json['object']['attachment'][0]['name']
            else:
                if 'image' in request_json['object'] and 'url' in request_json['object']['image']:
                    image = File(source_url=request_json['object']['image']['url'])
                else:
                    # Let's see if we can do better than the source instance did!
                    tn_url = new_url
                    if tn_url[:32] == 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=':
                        tn_url = 'https://youtu.be/' + tn_url[32:43]  # better chance of thumbnail from youtu.be than youtube.com
                    opengraph = opengraph_parse(tn_url)
                    if opengraph and (opengraph.get('og:image', '') != '' or opengraph.get('og:image:url', '') != ''):
                        filename = opengraph.get('og:image') or opengraph.get('og:image:url')
                        if not filename.startswith('/'):
                            image = File(source_url=filename, alt_text=shorten_string(opengraph.get('og:title'), 295))
                if is_video_hosting_site(new_url) or is_video_url(new_url):
                    post.type = POST_TYPE_VIDEO
                else:
                    post.type = POST_TYPE_LINK
            if image:
                db.session.add(image)
                db.session.commit()
                post.image = image
                make_image_sizes(image.id, 170, 512, 'posts')  # the 512 sized image is for masonry view
            else:
                old_db_entry_to_delete = None

            # url domain
            old_domain = domain_from_url(old_url) if old_url else None
            if old_domain != new_domain:
                # notify about links to banned websites.
                already_notified = set()  # often admins and mods are the same people - avoid notifying them twice
                if new_domain.notify_mods:
                    for community_member in post.community.moderators():
                        notify = Notification(title='Suspicious content', url=post.ap_id,
                                                  user_id=community_member.user_id,
                                                  author_id=1)
                        db.session.add(notify)
                        already_notified.add(community_member.user_id)
                if new_domain.notify_admins:
                    for admin in Site.admins():
                        if admin.id not in already_notified:
                            notify = Notification(title='Suspicious content',
                                                      url=post.ap_id, user_id=admin.id,
                                                      author_id=1)
                            db.session.add(notify)
                new_domain.post_count += 1
                post.domain = new_domain

            # Fix-up cross posts (Posts which link to the same url as other posts)
            if post.cross_posts is not None:
                post.calculate_cross_posts(url_changed=True)

        else:
            post.type = POST_TYPE_ARTICLE
            post.url = ''
            post.image_id = None
            if post.cross_posts is not None:                    # unlikely, but not impossible
                post.calculate_cross_posts(delete_only=True)

    db.session.commit()
    if old_db_entry_to_delete:
        File.query.filter_by(id=old_db_entry_to_delete).delete()
        db.session.commit()


def undo_downvote(activity_log, comment, post, target_ap_id, user):
    if '/comment/' in target_ap_id:
        comment = PostReply.query.filter_by(ap_id=target_ap_id).first()
    if '/post/' in target_ap_id:
        post = Post.query.filter_by(ap_id=target_ap_id).first()
    if (user and not user.is_local()) and post:
        existing_vote = PostVote.query.filter_by(user_id=user.id, post_id=post.id).first()
        if existing_vote:
            post.author.reputation -= existing_vote.effect
            post.down_votes -= 1
            post.score -= existing_vote.effect
            db.session.delete(existing_vote)
            activity_log.result = 'success'
    if (user and not user.is_local()) and comment:
        existing_vote = PostReplyVote.query.filter_by(user_id=user.id,
                                                      post_reply_id=comment.id).first()
        if existing_vote:
            comment.author.reputation -= existing_vote.effect
            comment.down_votes -= 1
            comment.score -= existing_vote.effect
            db.session.delete(existing_vote)
            activity_log.result = 'success'
    if user is None:
        activity_log.exception_message = 'Blocked or unfound user'
    if user and user.is_local():
        activity_log.exception_message = 'Activity about local content which is already present'
        activity_log.result = 'ignored'
    return post


def undo_vote(comment, post, target_ap_id, user):
    voted_on = find_liked_object(target_ap_id)
    if isinstance(voted_on, Post):
        post = voted_on
        existing_vote = PostVote.query.filter_by(user_id=user.id, post_id=post.id).first()
        if existing_vote:
            post.author.reputation -= existing_vote.effect
            if existing_vote.effect < 0:  # Lemmy sends 'like' for upvote and 'dislike' for down votes. Cool! When it undoes an upvote it sends an 'Undo Like'. Fine. When it undoes a downvote it sends an 'Undo Like' - not 'Undo Dislike'?!
                post.down_votes -= 1
            else:
                post.up_votes -= 1
            post.score -= existing_vote.effect
            db.session.delete(existing_vote)
            db.session.commit()
        return post
    if isinstance(voted_on, PostReply):
        comment = voted_on
        existing_vote = PostReplyVote.query.filter_by(user_id=user.id, post_reply_id=comment.id).first()
        if existing_vote:
            comment.author.reputation -= existing_vote.effect
            if existing_vote.effect < 0:  # Lemmy sends 'like' for upvote and 'dislike' for down votes. Cool! When it undoes an upvote it sends an 'Undo Like'. Fine. When it undoes a downvote it sends an 'Undo Like' - not 'Undo Dislike'?!
                comment.down_votes -= 1
            else:
                comment.up_votes -= 1
            comment.score -= existing_vote.effect
            db.session.delete(existing_vote)
            db.session.commit()
        return comment

    return None


def process_report(user, reported, request_json):
    if len(request_json['summary']) < 15:
        reasons = request_json['summary']
        description = ''
    else:
        reasons = request_json['summary'][:15]
        description = request_json['summary'][15:]
    if isinstance(reported, User):
        if reported.reports == -1:
            return
        type = 0
        report = Report(reasons=reasons, description=description,
                        type=type, reporter_id=user.id, suspect_user_id=reported.id, source_instance_id=user.instance_id)
        db.session.add(report)

        # Notify site admin
        already_notified = set()
        for admin in Site.admins():
            if admin.id not in already_notified:
                notify = Notification(title='Reported user', url='/admin/reports', user_id=admin.id,
                                      author_id=user.id)
                db.session.add(notify)
                admin.unread_notifications += 1
        reported.reports += 1
        db.session.commit()
    elif isinstance(reported, Post):
        if reported.reports == -1:
            return
        type = 1
        report = Report(reasons=reasons, description=description, type=type, reporter_id=user.id,
                        suspect_user_id=reported.author.id, suspect_post_id=reported.id,
                        suspect_community_id=reported.community.id, in_community_id=reported.community.id,
                        source_instance_id=user.instance_id)
        db.session.add(report)

        already_notified = set()
        for mod in reported.community.moderators():
            notification = Notification(user_id=mod.user_id, title=_('A post has been reported'),
                                        url=f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/post/{reported.id}",
                                        author_id=user.id)
            db.session.add(notification)
            already_notified.add(mod.user_id)
        reported.reports += 1
        db.session.commit()
    elif isinstance(reported, PostReply):
        if reported.reports == -1:
            return
        type = 2
        post = Post.query.get(reported.post_id)
        report = Report(reasons=reasons, description=description, type=type, reporter_id=user.id, suspect_post_id=post.id,
                        suspect_community_id=post.community.id,
                        suspect_user_id=reported.author.id, suspect_post_reply_id=reported.id,
                        in_community_id=post.community.id,
                        source_instance_id=user.instance_id)
        db.session.add(report)
        # Notify moderators
        already_notified = set()
        for mod in post.community.moderators():
            notification = Notification(user_id=mod.user_id, title=_('A comment has been reported'),
                                        url=f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/comment/{reported.id}",
                                        author_id=user.id)
            db.session.add(notification)
            already_notified.add(mod.user_id)
        reported.reports += 1
        db.session.commit()
    elif isinstance(reported, Community):
        ...
    elif isinstance(reported, Conversation):
        ...


def get_redis_connection() -> redis.Redis:
    connection_string = current_app.config['CACHE_REDIS_URL']
    if connection_string.startswith('unix://'):
        unix_socket_path, db, password = parse_redis_pipe_string(connection_string)
        return redis.Redis(unix_socket_path=unix_socket_path, db=db, password=password)
    else:
        host, port, db, password = parse_redis_socket_string(connection_string)
        return redis.Redis(host=host, port=port, db=db, password=password)


def parse_redis_pipe_string(connection_string: str):
    if connection_string.startswith('unix://'):
        # Parse the connection string
        parsed_url = urlparse(connection_string)

        # Extract the path (Unix socket path)
        unix_socket_path = parsed_url.path

        # Extract query parameters (if any)
        query_params = parse_qs(parsed_url.query)

        # Extract database number (default to 0 if not provided)
        db = int(query_params.get('db', [0])[0])

        # Extract password (if provided)
        password = query_params.get('password', [None])[0]

        return unix_socket_path, db, password


def parse_redis_socket_string(connection_string: str):
    # Parse the connection string
    parsed_url = urlparse(connection_string)

    # Extract username (if provided) and password
    if parsed_url.username:
        username = parsed_url.username
    else:
        username = None
    password = parsed_url.password

    # Extract host and port
    host = parsed_url.hostname
    port = parsed_url.port

    # Extract database number (default to 0 if not provided)
    db = int(parsed_url.path.lstrip('/') or 0)

    return host, port, db, password


def lemmy_site_data():
    site = g.site
    logo = site.logo if site.logo else '/static/images/logo2.png'
    data = {
      "site_view": {
        "site": {
          "id": 1,
          "name": site.name,
          "sidebar": site.sidebar,
          "published": site.created_at.isoformat(),
          "updated": site.updated.isoformat(),
          "icon": f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}{logo}",
          "banner": "",
          "description": site.description,
          "actor_id": f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/",
          "last_refreshed_at": site.updated.isoformat(),
          "inbox_url": f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/inbox",
          "public_key": site.public_key,
          "instance_id": 1
        },
        "local_site": {
          "id": 1,
          "site_id": 1,
          "site_setup": True,
          "enable_downvotes": site.enable_downvotes,
          "enable_nsfw": site.enable_nsfw,
          "enable_nsfl": site.enable_nsfl,
          "community_creation_admin_only": site.community_creation_admin_only,
          "require_email_verification": True,
          "application_question": site.application_question,
          "private_instance": False,
          "default_theme": "browser",
          "default_post_listing_type": "All",
          "hide_modlog_mod_names": True,
          "application_email_admins": True,
          "actor_name_max_length": 20,
          "federation_enabled": True,
          "captcha_enabled": True,
          "captcha_difficulty": "medium",
          "published": site.created_at.isoformat(),
          "updated": site.updated.isoformat(),
          "registration_mode": site.registration_mode,
          "reports_email_admins": site.reports_email_admins
        },
        "local_site_rate_limit": {
          "id": 1,
          "local_site_id": 1,
          "message": 999,
          "message_per_second": 60,
          "post": 50,
          "post_per_second": 600,
          "register": 20,
          "register_per_second": 3600,
          "image": 100,
          "image_per_second": 3600,
          "comment": 100,
          "comment_per_second": 600,
          "search": 999,
          "search_per_second": 600,
          "published": site.created_at.isoformat(),
        },
        "counts": {
          "id": 1,
          "site_id": 1,
          "users": users_total(),
          "posts": local_posts(),
          "comments": local_comments(),
          "communities": local_communities(),
          "users_active_day": active_day(),
          "users_active_week": active_week(),
          "users_active_month": active_month(),
          "users_active_half_year": active_half_year()
        }
      },
      "admins": [],
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "all_languages": [],
      "discussion_languages": [],
      "taglines": [],
      "custom_emojis": []
    }

    # Languages
    discussion_languages = []
    for language in Language.query.all():
        # hardcode English as the site language, for now. This will need to be an admin setting, soon.
        if language.code == 'und' or language.code == 'en':
            discussion_languages.append(language.id)
        data['all_languages'].append({
            'id': language.id,
            'code': language.code,
            'name': language.name
        })
    data['discussion_languages'] = discussion_languages

    # Admins
    for admin in Site.admins():
        person = {
            "id": admin.id,
            "name": admin.user_name,
            "display_name": admin.display_name(),
            "avatar": 'https://' + current_app.config['SERVER_NAME'] + admin.avatar_image(),
            "banned": admin.banned,
            "published": admin.created.isoformat() + 'Z',
            "updated": admin.created.isoformat() + 'Z',
            "actor_id": admin.public_url(),
            "local": True,
            "deleted": admin.deleted,
            "matrix_user_id": admin.matrix_user_id,
            "admin": True,
            "bot_account": admin.bot,
            "instance_id": 1
        }
        counts = {
            "id": admin.id,
            "person_id": admin.id,
            "post_count": 0,
            "post_score": 0,
            "comment_count": 0,
            "comment_score": 0
        }
        data['admins'].append({'person': person, 'counts': counts})
    return data


def ensure_domains_match(activity: dict) -> bool:
    if 'id' in activity:
        note_id = activity['id']
    else:
        note_id = None

    note_actor = None
    if 'actor' in activity:
        note_actor = activity['actor']
    elif 'attributedTo' in activity:
        attributed_to = activity['attributedTo']
        if isinstance(attributed_to, str):
            note_actor = attributed_to
        elif isinstance(attributed_to, list):
            for a in attributed_to:
                if isinstance(a, dict) and a.get('type') == 'Person':
                    note_actor = a.get('id')
                    break
                elif isinstance(a, str):
                    note_actor = a
                    break

    if note_id and note_actor:
        parsed_url = urlparse(note_id)
        id_domain = parsed_url.netloc
        parsed_url = urlparse(note_actor)
        actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc

        if id_domain == actor_domain:
            return True

    return False


def can_edit(user_ap_id, post):
    user = find_actor_or_create(user_ap_id, create_if_not_found=False)
    if user:
        if post.user_id == user.id:
            return True
        if post.community.is_moderator(user) or post.community.is_owner(user) or post.community.is_instance_admin(user):
            return True
    return False


def can_delete(user_ap_id, post):
    return can_edit(user_ap_id, post)


def remote_object_to_json(uri):
    try:
        object_request = get_request(uri, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
    except httpx.HTTPError:
        time.sleep(3)
        try:
            object_request = get_request(uri, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            return None
    if object_request.status_code == 200:
        try:
            object = object_request.json()
            return object
        except:
            object_request.close()
            return None
        object_request.close()
    elif object_request.status_code == 401:
        try:
            site = Site.query.get(1)
            object_request = signed_get_request(uri, site.private_key, f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            time.sleep(3)
            try:
                object_request = signed_get_request(uri, site.private_key, f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
            except httpx.HTTPError:
                return None
        try:
            object = object_request.json()
            return object
        except:
            object_request.close()
            return None
        object_request.close()
    else:
        return None


# called from incoming activitypub, when the object in an Announce is just a URL
# despite the name, it works for both posts and replies
def resolve_remote_post(uri: str, community, announce_id, store_ap_json, nodebb=False) -> Union[Post, PostReply, None]:
    parsed_url = urlparse(uri)
    uri_domain = parsed_url.netloc
    announce_actor = community.ap_profile_id
    parsed_url = urlparse(announce_actor)
    announce_actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
    if announce_actor_domain != 'a.gup.pe' and not nodebb and announce_actor_domain != uri_domain:
        return None
    actor_domain = None
    actor = None

    post_data = remote_object_to_json(uri)

    # find the author. Make sure their domain matches the site hosting it to mitigate impersonation attempts
    if 'attributedTo' in post_data:
        attributed_to = post_data['attributedTo']
        if isinstance(attributed_to, str):
            actor = attributed_to
            parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
            actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
        elif isinstance(attributed_to, list):
            for a in attributed_to:
                if isinstance(a, dict) and a.get('type') == 'Person':
                    actor = a.get('id')
                    if isinstance(actor, str):  # Ensure `actor` is a valid string
                        parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
                        actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
                    break
                elif isinstance(a, str):
                    actor = a
                    parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
                    actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
                    break
    if uri_domain != actor_domain:
        return None

    user = find_actor_or_create(actor)
    if user and community and post_data:
        activity = 'update' if 'updated' in post_data else 'create'
        request_json = {'id': f"https://{uri_domain}/activities/{activity}/{gibberish(15)}", 'object': post_data}
        if 'inReplyTo' in request_json['object'] and request_json['object']['inReplyTo']:
            if activity == 'update':
                post_reply = PostReply.get_by_ap_id(uri)
                if post_reply:
                    update_post_reply_from_activity(post_reply, request_json)
                else:
                    activity = 'create'
            if activity == 'create':
                post_reply = create_post_reply(store_ap_json, community, request_json['object']['inReplyTo'], request_json, user)
                if post_reply:
                    if 'published' in post_data:
                        post_reply.posted_at = post_data['published']
                        post_reply.post.last_active = post_data['published']
                        post_reply.community.last_active = utcnow()
                        db.session.commit()
            if post_reply:
                return post_reply
        else:
            if activity == 'update':
                post = Post.get_by_ap_id(uri)
                if post:
                    update_post_from_activity(post, request_json)
                else:
                    activity = 'create'
            if activity == 'create':
                post = create_post(store_ap_json, community, request_json, user, announce_id)
                if post:
                    if 'published' in post_data:
                        post.posted_at=post_data['published']
                        post.last_active=post_data['published']
                        post.community.last_active = utcnow()
                        db.session.commit()
            if post:
                return post

    return None


@celery.task
def get_nodebb_replies_in_background(replies_uri_list, community_id):
    max = 10 if not current_app.debug else 2           # magic number alert
    community = Community.query.get(community_id)
    if not community:
        return
    reply_count = 0
    for uri in replies_uri_list:
        reply_count += 1
        post_reply = resolve_remote_post(uri, community, None, False, nodebb=True)
        if reply_count >= max:
            break


# called from UI, via 'search' option in navbar, or 'Retrieve a post from the original server' in community sidebar
def resolve_remote_post_from_search(uri: str) -> Union[Post, None]:
    post = Post.get_by_ap_id(uri)
    if post:
        return post

    parsed_url = urlparse(uri)
    uri_domain = parsed_url.netloc
    actor_domain = None
    actor = None

    post_data = remote_object_to_json(uri)

    # nodebb. the post is the first entry in orderedItems of a topic, and the replies are the remaining entries
    # just gets orderedItems[0] to retrieve the post, and then replies are retrieved in the background
    topic_post_data = post_data
    nodebb = False
    if ('type' in post_data and post_data['type'] == 'OrderedCollection' and
       'totalItems' in post_data and post_data['totalItems'] > 0 and
       'orderedItems' in post_data and isinstance(post_data['orderedItems'], list)):
        nodebb = True
        uri = post_data['orderedItems'][0]
        parsed_url = urlparse(uri)
        uri_domain = parsed_url.netloc
        post_data = remote_object_to_json(uri)

    # check again that it doesn't already exist (can happen with different but equivalent URLs)
    post = Post.get_by_ap_id(post_data['id'])
    if post:
        return post

    # find the author of the post. Make sure their domain matches the site hosting it to mitigate impersonation attempts
    if 'attributedTo' in post_data:
        attributed_to = post_data['attributedTo']
        if isinstance(attributed_to, str):
            actor = attributed_to
            parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
            actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
        elif isinstance(attributed_to, list):
            for a in attributed_to:
                if isinstance(a, dict) and a.get('type') == 'Person':
                    actor = a.get('id')
                    if isinstance(actor, str):  # Ensure `actor` is a valid string
                        parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
                        actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
                    break
                elif isinstance(a, str):
                    actor = a
                    parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
                    actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
                    break
    if uri_domain != actor_domain:
        return None

    # find the community the post was submitted to
    community = find_community(post_data)
    if not community and nodebb:
        community = find_community(topic_post_data)       # use 'audience' from topic if post has no info for how it got there
    # find the post's author
    user = find_actor_or_create(actor)
    if user and community and post_data:
        request_json = {'id': f"https://{uri_domain}/activities/create/{gibberish(15)}", 'object': post_data}
        post = create_post(False, community, request_json, user)
        if post:
            if 'published' in post_data:
                post.posted_at=post_data['published']
                post.last_active=post_data['published']
                db.session.commit()
            if nodebb and topic_post_data['totalItems'] > 1:
                if current_app.debug:
                    get_nodebb_replies_in_background(topic_post_data['orderedItems'][1:], community.id)
                else:
                    get_nodebb_replies_in_background.delay(topic_post_data['orderedItems'][1:], community.id)
            return post

    return None


# called from activitypub/routes if something is posted to us without any kind of signature (typically from PeerTube)
def verify_object_from_source(request_json):
    uri = request_json['object']
    uri_domain = urlparse(uri).netloc
    if not uri_domain:
        return None

    create_domain = urlparse(request_json['actor']).netloc
    if create_domain != uri_domain:
        return None

    try:
        object_request = get_request(uri, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
    except httpx.HTTPError:
        time.sleep(3)
        try:
            object_request = get_request(uri, headers={'Accept': 'application/activity+json'})
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            return None
    if object_request.status_code == 200:
        try:
            object = object_request.json()
        except:
            object_request.close()
            return None
        object_request.close()
    elif object_request.status_code == 401:
        try:
            site = Site.query.get(1)
            object_request = signed_get_request(uri, site.private_key, f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
        except httpx.HTTPError:
            time.sleep(3)
            try:
                object_request = signed_get_request(uri, site.private_key, f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/actor#main-key")
            except httpx.HTTPError:
                return None
        try:
            object = object_request.json()
        except:
            object_request.close()
            return None
        object_request.close()
    else:
        return None

    if not 'id' in object or not 'type' in object or not 'attributedTo' in object:
        return None

    actor_domain = ''
    if isinstance(object['attributedTo'], str):
        actor_domain = urlparse(object['attributedTo']).netloc
    elif isinstance(object['attributedTo'], dict) and 'id' in object['attributedTo']:
        actor_domain = urlparse(object['attributedTo']['id']).netloc
    elif isinstance(object['attributedTo'], list):
        for a in object['attributedTo']:
            if isinstance(a, str):
                actor_domain = urlparse(a).netloc
                break
            elif isinstance(a, dict) and a.get('type') == 'Person':
                actor = a.get('id')
                if isinstance(actor, str):
                    parsed_url = urlparse(actor)
                    actor_domain = parsed_url.netloc
                break
    else:
        return None

    if uri_domain != actor_domain:
        return None

    request_json['object'] = object
    return request_json


def inform_followers_of_post_update(post_id: int, sending_instance_id: int):
    post = Post.query.get(post_id)
    page_json = post_to_page(post)
    page_json['updated'] = ap_datetime(utcnow())
    update_json = {
        'id': f"https://{current_app.config['SERVER_NAME']}/activities/update/{gibberish(15)}",
        'type': 'Update',
        'actor': post.author.public_url(),
        'audience': post.community.public_url(),
        'to': ['https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public'],
        'published': ap_datetime(utcnow()),
        'cc': [
            post.author.followers_url(), post.community.ap_followers_url
        ],
        'object': page_json,
    }

    # inform user followers first
    followers = UserFollower.query.filter_by(local_user_id=post.user_id)
    if followers:
        instances = Instance.query.join(User, User.instance_id == Instance.id).join(UserFollower, UserFollower.remote_user_id == User.id)
        instances = instances.filter(UserFollower.local_user_id == post.user_id, Instance.software.in_(MICROBLOG_APPS))
        for i in instances:
            if sending_instance_id != i.id:
                try:
                    post_request(i.inbox, update_json, post.author.private_key, post.author.public_url() + '#main-key')
                except Exception:
                    pass

    # then community followers
    instances = Instance.query.join(User, User.instance_id == Instance.id).join(CommunityMember, CommunityMember.user_id == User.id)
    instances = instances.filter(CommunityMember.community_id == post.community.id, CommunityMember.is_banned == False)
    instances = instances.filter(Instance.software.in_(MICROBLOG_APPS))
    for i in instances:
        if sending_instance_id != i.id:
            try:
                post_request(i.inbox, update_json, post.author.private_key, post.author.public_url() + '#main-key')
            except Exception:
                pass


def log_incoming_ap(id, aplog_type, aplog_result, saved_json, message=None):
    aplog_in = APLOG_IN

    if aplog_in and aplog_type[0] and aplog_result[0]:
        activity_log = ActivityPubLog(direction='in', activity_id=id, activity_type=aplog_type[1], result=aplog_result[1])
        if message:
            activity_log.exception_message = message
        if saved_json:
            activity_log.activity_json = json.dumps(saved_json)
        db.session.add(activity_log)
        db.session.commit()


def find_community(request_json):
    # Create/Update from platform that included Community in 'audience', 'cc', or 'to' in outer or inner object
    # Also works for manually retrieved posts
    locations = ['audience', 'cc', 'to']
    if 'object' in request_json and isinstance(request_json['object'], dict):
        rjs = [request_json, request_json['object']]
    else:
        rjs = [request_json]
    for rj in rjs:
        for location in locations:
            if location in rj:
                potential_id = rj[location]
                if isinstance(potential_id, str):
                    if not potential_id.startswith('https://www.w3.org') and not potential_id.endswith('/followers'):
                        potential_community = Community.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=potential_id.lower()).first()
                        if potential_community:
                            return potential_community
                if isinstance(potential_id, list):
                    for c in potential_id:
                        if not c.startswith('https://www.w3.org') and not c.endswith('/followers'):
                            potential_community = Community.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=c.lower()).first()
                            if potential_community:
                                return potential_community

    # used for manual retrieval of a PeerTube vid
    if request_json['type'] == 'Video':
        if 'attributedTo' in request_json and isinstance(request_json['attributedTo'], list):
            for a in request_json['attributedTo']:
                if a['type'] == 'Group':
                    potential_community = Community.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=a['id'].lower()).first()
                    if potential_community:
                        return potential_community

    # change this if manual retrieval of comments is allowed in future
    if not 'object' in request_json:
        return None

    # Create/Update Note from platform that didn't include the Community in 'audience', 'cc', or 'to' (e.g. Mastodon reply to Lemmy post)
    if 'inReplyTo' in request_json['object'] and request_json['object']['inReplyTo'] is not None:
        post_being_replied_to = Post.query.filter_by(ap_id=request_json['object']['inReplyTo'].lower()).first()
        if post_being_replied_to:
            return post_being_replied_to.community
        else:
            comment_being_replied_to = PostReply.query.filter_by(ap_id=request_json['object']['inReplyTo'].lower()).first()
            if comment_being_replied_to:
                return comment_being_replied_to.community

    # Update / Video from PeerTube (possibly an edit, more likely an invite to query Likes / Replies endpoints)
    if request_json['object']['type'] == 'Video':
        if 'attributedTo' in request_json['object'] and isinstance(request_json['object']['attributedTo'], list):
            for a in request_json['object']['attributedTo']:
                if a['type'] == 'Group':
                    potential_community = Community.query.filter_by(ap_profile_id=a['id'].lower()).first()
                    if potential_community:
                        return potential_community

    return None